The Social And Cultural Implications Of The Internet Media Essay

The Social And Cultural Implications Of The Internet Media Essay The remit of this essay is to discuss the social implication of the internet. It will focus on research findings and the work of authors and theorist in this field. A critical approach will raise arguments both in support and against the implications of the internet. An evaluation of the evidence will assist in the conclusion of the essay. In 1973 American computer scientist, Vinton Cerf contributed to the invention of the Internet and its development of transmission protocols. This project was sponsored by the United States Department of defence, Advanced Research projects agency and directed by American engineer Robert Kahn. Ament (2007) Worldwide network of thousands of computers and computer networks. It is a public, voluntary, and cooperative effort between the connected institutions and is not owned or operated by any single organization. If we single out the section that states is not owned or operated by any single organisation this alone should raise questions regarding social intrusion and its social implication and ramification, the most important issue here, is that there is no control on what is available via this extensive accessible medium. With technological advancement and public accessibility the internet has become a mass medium and has changed our world dramatically. It has evoked strong public discussions from one extreme to the next on its implications on society. On one hand, the internet can be seen for its great benefits, it has become a public forum in the form of freedom, connectivity and many other social benefits which continue to evolve at an accelerating rate. However, others recognise its faults and its harm within various social structures, to culture, morality and human relations and others who are not so extreme in their views but are able to recognise both its advantages and disadvantage but remain vigilant of its existing negative impacts. The following is an excerpt from the book Release; author Esther Dyson, where she acknowledges the social and cultural implications of the internet. The net offers us a chance to take charge of our own lives and to redefine our role as citizens of local communities and of global society. It also hands us the responsibility to govern ourselves, to think for ourselves, to educate our children, to do business honestly, and to work with fellow citizens to design rules we want to live by. (Dyson 1997) Esther Dyson is implying that the internet enables individuals who share the same interest, values and beliefs to come together and offers them the chance to build a society or community. Here these individuals are able to converse their work, engage in truth-telling which allows trust to be built between people, and can act as a second home for many. The internet has given religious leaders cause for concern as this extreme position depicted by the Council of Torah sages who are a group of orthodox rabbis in Israel who enforced a rule in the banning of the internet from all Jewish homes in 2000. According to a news bulletin posted online by Linda Harrison (2000) which states that the internet is described as the worlds leading cause of temptation. It is also said that the internet is 1,000 times more dangerous than television and were banned thirty years earlier, although the Council were able to recognise some benefits that the internet possesses, they saw and defined the internet as moral pollution. They considered the possibility of internet addiction in many youths which would stop any motivation to learn the Torah. In support of this according to online Islamic news website claims that a new law has been enforced in Syria of the banning of certain websites for example, websites which publish information criticising the presi dent and his family. Not quite as extreme as the council of Torah sages, Syria too wants to have control over what it being made available online and hope this new internet law will be effective. Many internet critics, unlike the Council of Torah sages, see some positives in the internet and its technology, and many of them are able to recognise its faults to the medium. In the main the general public form their own opinions on what they believe to be advantages and disadvantage of the internet and can differ in the way in which they are able to use them against one another. Underneath these is the different value systems people hold in relation to the internet. For example, Esther Dyson values a libertarian system, where a persons freedom, property rights and free market capitalism are maximized. This positive attitude towards the internet is based on the potential she believes that technology uses to promote these values. In contrast to this, the values held by the Council of Torah sages are of a Hareidi nature. These are a variety of orthodox Jews, which according to them the highest good is the obedience of Gods law which has been laid out in the Torah, they formulate and base many of their values according to what is written in the Torah and conclude that the internet is harmful. The internet is best known for providing the ability for freedom of speech, connectivity, access to information, communication, and entertainment, developing and maintaining social relations. All of these are functions; the internet has been designed specifically to provide services for individuals allowing them to successfully perform many different tasks. It is claimed that the internet has adapted other benefits which were not intentional such as, development and understand of a variety of different cultures and social backgrounds. This is due to the vast amount of information the internet houses which allow anyone, anywhere to access. Information is continuously being made available by millions of individuals who are lucky enough to have access to the internet. Reliable information is of huge importance to the functioning for those who use the internet. If people trust the information provided on the internet they will continue to use and pass around information encouraging more people to access it. It allows individuals to gain more knowledge and acquire information which is seen as a huge benefit to our society. Another advantage of the internet is known as Information dissemination this enables anyone easily and inexpensively to upload and disseminate any information which can be made available to a wide audience, which can very quickly become widespread reaching millions of people. This helps promote freedom of speech by giving people the ability to share and voice there opinions, where they can inform and influence others. This is considered to be a benefit however; how people interpret this information can determine whether freedom of speech can be considered a benefit. The internet has a huge impact on how users are able to communicate with each other. The internet allows one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many to communicate over the internet easily and inexpensively through the use of social networking sites and chartrooms such as Facebook, Myspce, and MSN Messenger. Users are able to communicate with a variety of individuals across the globe; this goes far beyond the idea of dissemination of information. Communication over the internet allows two or more people to express and share their values and opinions with each other, which could lead to the creation of intimacy and the following of actions. Communication is of great importance to individuals and the internet is used to enhance communication and is considered a great benefit. The internet allows development and maintenance of social relations to take place with people outsides ones surrounding area. It is very important that social relations are able to function in society between individuals. The internet provides services which allow the development and the maintenance of social relations to continue to grow. For example social networking sites like Facebook and forms of leisure and entertainment. For example, individuals are able to set up forums where they are able to interact with each other playing games, discussing hobbies and interest which allow sharing and trading to take place, Individuals are able to share cultural jokes, pictures, software, music and videos. Despite this, the internet has some frequently mentioned flaws. These disadvantages come directly from the internets benefits. One can not deny the fact that the internet creates new possibilities for communication, social interaction, entertainment and many more. However, it can be argued that when these services are performed over the internet they tend to become much more harmful than they would be when performed in reality. According to Hubert Dreyfus a Professor of Philosophy at the University of California who suggested that online social relationships tend to be less profound, valuable and durable than offline relationships, and that computer-mediated communication less expressive and authentic than face-to-face communication (Dreyfus, 2001), meaning that if relationships are started and developed over the internet between two people, when meeting each other for the first time face-to-face complications may occur. The ways in which two people interact with each other over the internet differ from when face-to-face. For example, body language and facial expression is made visible when face-to-face compared to when interacting online. It can be said that because people are able to interact over the internet they tend to take less time and make less effort to involve in face-to-face interactions, which is harmful to how they react in social interactions. Communicating over the internet can tend to be harmful. Conversations can at times become aggressive and violent. The internet can contain a large amount of disrespectful texts which have been posted by individuals using the internet that others may find offensive. The internet has been used as a form of harassment where the victim has no control over what is being displayed concerning their personal life, compared to if this were being communicated verbally in reality. Although the internet provides a vast amount of information which can be seen as a positive, it can also be seen as a negative. It is suggested that because of the lack of selection mechanisms the information provided on the internet can at times be false and unreliable. It is difficult to locate sources of different text found of the internet making it loose value. If the information found on the internet can not be trusted less and less people will feel the need to use it giving more traditional ways of finding information more power. With a vast amount of information comes harmful information. Almost anything and everything can be found on the internet because of the lack of selection mechanisms what is being posted on the internet is hard to locate and remove. The internet contains a large amount of disturbing material which can be easily accessed by anyone using it for example, pornography, violence towards animals and other human beings, extremist ideologies and so on. Most of this is shown in the media compared to the internet it is being controlled and censored to what is being seen. In concluding the evidence found though research it is clear that the internet raises mix reaction from both it users and its critics. In order to begin to understand the social and cultural implications of the internet it is vital that one is able to recognise the internets positive and negative aspects and how each service provided by the internet is used to benefit the individual. The internet allows people to gain a vast amount of knowledge and communicate with people across the globe. Individuals are able to share and receive information concerning personal interests with those with similar interest. The idea of freedom of speech has no limit although; this can be seen as a concern It is not possible to control everything that is being circulated over the internet therefore it is up to us as individuals in how we process and use the information which is being made available. Only if we can acquire an understanding of the social and cultural implications of the internet and relate this to our own values and beliefs as individuals can we then determine whether or not the internet is harmful or has a positive effect. What is clear is that the internet is a significant part of our modern culture its invasive and has its own social norms encapsulating societies from around the globe whatever our personal or collective opinions may be it will continue to grow and the question of diluting, restricting or even licensing the internet could have implications on this very unique social structure. Many critics would like to see these restrictions being imposed and like the internet this debate will also continue to grow dividing those for and those against.

Cubism and Multiplicity of Narration in The Waste Land Essay

Abstract The aim of this essay is to consider the multiplicity of narration in The Waste Land and its relationship in enrichment of content and meaning in the poem. There is an attempt to convey the Cubist traits and find concrete examples in the poem. This study will try to specify evidences for conformity of cubism and multiplicity of narration in the poem. While Eliot juxtaposed so many perspectives in seemingly set of disjointed images, there is â€Å"painful task of unifying .., jarring and incompatible perspectivesâ€Å" in The Waste Land. Like a cubist painting, there is a kind of variety of narration in unity through the poem. The usage of different languages and narrations in the poem helps to convey sense of the strain of modern living in modern waste land. Introduction The Waste Land is like a cubistic painting. The cubist painters rejected the inherited concept that art should copy nature, or that they should adopt the traditional techniques of perspective, modeling, and foreshortening. They wanted instead to emphasize the two dimensionality of the canvas. So they reduced and fractured objects into geometric forms, and then realigned these forms within a relief-like space. They also used multiple or contrasting vantage points for narration of their story on canvas. The most conspicuous feature of cubist form is the abandonment of single perspective. The multiperspectivism in cubism suggests that the many appearances in the world are less true than the abstract design in which produced by their juxtaposition. Eliot dedicated an entire chapter of his doctoral thesis on the problem of solipsism. It is a problem raised by the fact that in any human experience of the world, the world is always experienced from an individual perspective or (in Bradleyâ €™s term) finite centre. An individual’s mental life consists in a changing series of such finite centres, and there is no guarantee that his centres will harmonize with others or even with themselves. There is no guarantee that one’s experience or self will be understood by others. Communication of the inner life is always a courageous act of faith across a gulf of privacy and difference. Eliot himself said in his essay â€Å"Knowledge and Experienceâ€Å" ( 1964 ) â€Å"the life of a soul does not consist in the contemplation of one consistent world but in the painful task of unifying ( to a greater or less extent ) jarring and incompatible ones , and passing , when possible , from two or more discordant viewpoints to a higher which shall somehow include and transmute them .† Therefore we see the terrifying problem of personal communication already expressed in Eliot’s works and also â€Å"the painful task of unifying .., jarring and incompatible perspectivesâ€Å" to the fr agmentation and synthesizing efforts of The Waste Land . Discussion The original title for The Waste Land was â€Å"He do the police in different voices†. The line , comes from Charles Dickens’ novel Our Mutual Friend (1864_65). It is describe that widow Betty Higden, says of her adopted foundling son Sloppy †You might not think it , but Sloppy is a beautiful reader of a newspaper. He do the police in different voices.† As The Waste Land is composed of so many voices and narrations , this would help us to understand that , while there are many different voices and narrations in the poem , there is one central consciousness. We have a multiplicity of voices and narrations, male and female, young and old, in a variety of languages and styles. The shifts are unannounced, so that often we do not even know who is speaking. But the unity of the poem emerges from the fact that these all merge into a single personality, something we might call the voice of the modern consciousness. The fact that this modern consciousness cannot settle into a fixed perception of things or even into a consistent language and narration helps to convey sense of the strain of modern living . In fact, what emerges from the poem as a principal concern is the inability of the modern consciousness either to see unity in the world outside or to bring to a disordered world any sense of inner integrity. Part of this sense of the totality of the modern self adding up to a fractured variety emerges, not just from the shifting sense of the images and the multiplicity of narration , but also from the variety in the verse style. It’s as if in the modern age, there cannot be a single authoritative way of expressing how one feels. There is not enough confidence in the forms of language itself. Just as the traditional community has become the unreal city, a vision of a modern inferno. So The Waste Land is abundant with multiplicity of narration in different language and set of seemingly disordered images. The images in The Waste Land are supported by two distinct ways of narration. The lyric voice opening the poem uses metaphoric, often symbolic images and speaks in repetitive, stylized syntax. It has suggested on the one hand order and propriety, and on the other hand stasis. This voice speaks with authority and finality as it recurs in scenes throughout the poem where the vision of barrenness and revulsion from life is intensely clear and controlled. This voice contrasts with many voices speaking in metonymically rendered narrative scenes full of movement and change. These other voices resist categorization. These voices rang from vivid characters such as Marie, the hyacinth girl, Stetson’s friend, Madame Sosostris, the nervous woman, the pub woman, Tiresias, and the Thames daughters, to the non-human voices of the nightingale, the cock, and the thunder. In the poem there is also a progress in debt of experience from the voice of Madame Sosostris, the fortuneteller with a bad cold, to the voice of God in the thunder. In the first part of The Waste Land, we have four voices: 1) 2) 3) 4) First voice: Marie, an aristocratic German recounting childhood. Second voice: Prophetic and acpocalyptic , recalling a more innocent past Third voice : Madame Sosostris , tarot reader Forth voice : Walker in surreal London , seeing Stetson , an old comrade In the beginning of The Burial of the Dead we hear a â€Å"voice of propriety† that wishes to stop all new movement, change, or development. In The Burial of the Dead Eliot has examined the limitations of a purely romantic view of life. It makes life arid and unreal. In the second part of The Waste Land, we have at least seven voices: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) Initial narrator The nightingale The neurotic woman Her companion The gramophone The maid The bar keeper The use of different narration in this kind of collage in A Game of Chess allows the poet to distance himself from any single statement. In this regards Louis Menand ( 1952 _ ) has mentioned that â€Å" nothing in [the poem] can be said to point to the poet, since none of its stylistic features is continuous, and it has no phrases or images that cannot be suspected of—where they are not in fact identified as— belonging to someone else†¦.. Eliot appears nowhere, but his fingerprints are on everything â€Å"(The Cambridge introduction to modernism, 2007, p.179). A Game of Chess seems to be thematically centered on a sterile vision of modern life. This vision is countered by the narrative animation of the scenes: the sensuous movement of objects in the boudoir, the hysterical woman’s insistent questioning, the playful mutation of Shakespeare to a â€Å"Shakespeherian Ragâ€Å", and the pub lady’s vivid chatter. In the third part of the poem, The Fire Sermon, we are introduced to Tiresias as Eliot himself introduced him: Tiresias, although a mere spectator and not indeed a ‘character’, is yet the most important personage in the poem, uniting all the rest. Just as the one-eyed merchant, seller of currants, melts into the Phoenician Sailor, and the latter is not wholly distinct from Ferdinand Prince of Naples, so all the women are one woman, and the two sexes meet in Tiresias. What Tiresias sees, in fact, is the substance of the poem (Eliot’s note). All through the poem we hear one voice, the persona of Tiresias who assumes the various characters in the poem. Tiresias is not a definite character with definite views on life, but an anonymous carrier of a state of mind. In the poem, scenes and dialogues are so arranged to express state of mind. It is through Tiresias that we have been conscious of The Waste Land. In the fourth part, Death by Water, Madame Sosostris is overcome because there occurs what we had been told to fear: â€Å"a death by water†. There is a sense of peace in such annihilation, but the death does not end The Waste Land. We are also shown a Christ-like figure post-resurrection. It is the first explicit sign within the poem that intimates an occurrence of resurrection and redemption. It is also points to the reader’s own mortality. The last part of the poem, What the Thunder Said, returns to a barren waste and an inhuman landscape where repetition suggests a pointless circularity. This section is made up of textual fragments from Dante, Elizabethan drama, a sacred Hindu text and children’s song. What the Thunder Said directly appeals to Eastern philosophy, specifically, Hinduism. The variety of voices and narrations in this part, speaking in different languages and different tones, indicates a world rich with possibility as well as confusion, with salvation as well as loss. The ending is deeply improper, not respecting boundaries between poems, between cultures, or between voices. The passionate and paradoxical desire to end desires leads only to the continuation of life in all its variousness, confusions, tragedies, and improper desires. The proliferation of perspectives obvious in cubism is basic to Eliot’s poetry. Here we have mentioned the examples in The Waste Land that are similar to the cubist painting: The female portrait at the center of â€Å" The Waste Land â€Å" is a cubist portrait , comprehending facets of clairvoyante and Cleopatra , a nervous contemporary women at her dressing table , a pub gossip , and many others. We see different characters and different narrations by diffrent moods and temperament but totally all these characters shape a single one , â€Å" Tiresias â€Å" . Madame Sosostris, famous clairvoyante, Had a bad cold, nevertheless Is known to be the wisest woman in Europe. ( lines 43_45 ) , The Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne, Glowed on the marble, where the glass Held up by standards wrought with fruited vines From which a golden Cupidon peeped out (Another hid his eyes behind his wing) Doubled the flames of sevenbranched candelabra Reflecting light upon the table as The glitter of her jewels rose to meet it . ( lines 77_84 ) , When Lil’s husband got demobbed, I said I didn’t mince my words, I said to her myself, HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME Now Albert’s coming back, make yourself a bit smart . ( lines 139_142 ) Eliot presents many broken perspectives on many cities in and out of time. The juxtaposition of these many partial fleeting perspectives leads to the formation of an abstract city (Unreal city) in the poem. For instance, in the Unreal City passage which concludes the first part of poem , lines 60-76 , Eliot begins by alluding to Baudelaire’s â€Å" Les sept Vieillards â€Å", moves on to the Infreno (â€Å" I had not thought death had undone so many â€Å" ), then to hour of Christ’s crucifixion ( â€Å" a dead sound on the final stroke of nine â€Å"), to the Punic Wars (â€Å" You who were with me in the ships at Mylae â€Å"), to Webster’s White Devil (â€Å" Oh keep the Dog far hence that’s friend to men â€Å"), and finally back to Baudelaire’s preface to the Fleurs du Mal (â€Å" You ! hypocrite lecteur!_mon semblable,_mon frere! â€Å"). All these references are folded into what begins as a naturalistic description of the City of London but then becomes an increasingly horrific city of dreams. Unreal City, Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge, so many, I had not thought death had undone so many. Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled, And each man fixed his eyes before his feet. Flowed up the hill and down King William Street, To where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine. There I saw one I knew, and stopped him, crying â€Å"Stetson! â€Å"You who were with me in the ships at Mylae! â€Å"That corpse you planted last year in your garden, â€Å"Has it begun to sprout? Will it bloom this year? â€Å"Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed? â€Å"Oh keep the Dog far hence, that’s friend to men, â€Å"Or with his nails he’ll dig it up again! â€Å"You! hypocrite lecteur! – mon semblable, – mon frere!à ¢â‚¬  (lines 60_76) , Unreal City Under the brown fog of a winter noon Mr. Eugenides, the Smyrna merchant Unshaven, with a pocket full of currants C.i.f. London: documents at sight, Asked me in demotic French To luncheon at the Cannon Street Hotel Followed by a weekend at the Metropole. (lines 207_214) , What is the city over the mountains Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet air Falling towers Jerusalem Athens Alexandria Vienna London Unreal ( lines 372_377 ) The main sign in the poem to show us cubist’s vein is the central and most important personage in the poem, Tiresias. Eliot thus suggests that all the many voices and narrations in the poem may be aspects of two voices, those of one man and one woman, or indeed of a single voice, that of Tiresias, the man who was changed into a woman and back into a man, according to Ovid’s Metamorphoses, who foresaw the destruction of Thebes, according to Sophocles’s Oedipus the King, and who was visited by Odysseus in the underworld in book eleven of the Odyssey. The central role of Tiresias suggests that the various voices of the poem can be understood as a sort of chorus, with each part being spoken by representatives of one sex or the other. I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives, Old man with wrinkled female breasts, can see At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea ( lines 218_221 ) Eliot brings the chaos of the modern civilization into his narrative structure, but he also shows a ray of hope to come out of the decay. The protagonist of the poem, Tiersias is a soothsayer from Greek legend, who narrates to the readers the situation of The Waste Land. Eliot forces multiperspectivism upon his readers. He juxtaposes many perspectives of the same idea or object by so many characters and multiplicity of narration. It let us to be aware of the limits of every perspective and of the desirability of moving from one perspective to another and, finally, of comprehending many perspectives at once. Eliot thus came to insist on an ideal of â€Å"variety in unityâ€Å" and as he mentioned in his Notes Towards the Definition of Culture ( 1948 ) â€Å" the variety is as essential as the unity â€Å". For Eliot, difference of perspective is not only necessary given our different sociohistorical situations, but its productive tension can provide for richer understanding and wider experience. The variety of voices and narrations, speaking in different languages, and different tones, indicates a world rich with possibility as well as confusion, with salvation as well as loss. Bibliography Antliff , Mark . Leighten , Patricia . A Cubism Reader: Documents and Criticism, 1906-1914. University Of Chicago Press, 2008. Barkaoui , Selma Mokrani . The Waste Land and The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock: A Comprative Approximation. University of Annaba, 2000. Bressler, Charles. 4th ed. Literary Criticism: an Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey : Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Brooker , Jewel Spears . Bentley, Joseph. Reading the Waste Land: Modernism and the Limits of Interpretation .University of Massachusetts ,Press, 1992. Castle, Gregory. The Blackwell Guide to Literary Theory. Oxford: The Blackwell Publishing, 2007. Cottington , David. Cubism (Movements in Modern Art). Cambridge University Press, 1998. Cudden, J.A. A Dictionary of Literary Terms. New York: Penguin Books, 1982. Dwivedi , Amar Nath. T.s. Eliot A Critical Study. Atlantic Publishing , India , 2002 . Eliot ,T.S. Knowledge and Experience in the Philosophy of F. H. Bradley. Faber and Faber ,1964. Eliot ,T.S. Notes Towards the Definition of Culture. Harcourt; First American Edition edition , 1949 . The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia. Columbia University Press, 2004. Frazer, Sir James George. The Golden bough: A Study of Magic and Religion. ed. Robert Frazer. Oxford: Oxford World’s Classics, 1998. Gantefà ¼hrer-Trier, Anne . Cubism.Taschen, 2004. Glaser , Brian. A Hegelian Reading of T.S . Eliot’s Negativity. University of California, Berkeley , 2005. Guerin, Wilfred L. et al. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York: Harper & Row Publisher, 1992. Gwinn, Robert et al. Encyclopidia Britanica, Vol. 1. Chicago :Encyclopidia Britanica, Inc 1990. H.Timmerman , John . The Aristotelian Mr. Eliot: structure and strategy in The Waste Land. Calvin College , 2007 . http: //WWW.answer.com http:// WWW. Wikipedia.org Johnston , Ian . Lecture on T. S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock and The Waste Land . A lecture delivered, in part, to the Liberal Studies 402 class on January 16, 1997. Maddrey , Joseph . The Making of T.S. Eliot: A Study of the Literary Influences. McFarland & Co Inc, 2009. Merrian-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield: Merrian- Webster, Inc , 2003. Moody , Anthony David .The Cambridge Companion to T. S. Eliot. Cambridge University Press , 1994. Quinn, Edward. Collins Dictionary of Literary Terms. Glasgow: Harper Collins Publisher. 2004. Radha, M.B. T.S.Eliot’s The Waste Land and Other Poems: Narain’s University Series of English Literature, 1977. Rajimwalve, Sharad. Dictionary of Literary Terms. New Delhi: K. S. Paperback, 1998. Rocha , Luiz Carlos Moreira . The Contemporaneity of T. S. Eliot’s Poetry and Thought. Ma. in Literary Theory (UFJF); Doctorating in Science of Literature (UFRJ). Wolfreys, Julian et al. Key Concepts in Literary Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002. Young ,R.V . Withered Stumps of Time: The Waste Land and Mythic Disillusion. The Intercollegiate Review , 2003 .

Essay Topics for Fourth Grade Can Be Fun for Everyone

Essay Topics for Fourth Grade Can Be Fun for Everyone Where to carry out research Where you decide to perform your research rides on this issue you decide to write about. In several of the topics, you may look up the effects and consider the causes and vice versa. When you select a cause and effect topic, it needs to be something that you either know well or are interested in knowing more about. The topic ought to be something upon which there's a fair difference of opinion. School should occur in the evenings. Textbooks ought to be free. Wellness is something which all of us have to be concerned about. School tests aren't effective. How to Get Started with Essay Topics for Fourth Grade? Ideally, if you're utilizing the web to find information then you wish to ensure the websites are reputable and can offer verifiable details. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. Our courses can be finished on nearly any gadget. These self-paced, online courses are made to let you concentrate on any portion of the test that you want without worrying about finishing a full class. The Characteristics of Essay Topics for Fourth Grade Although some say completely free public transportation would assist the environment and cut back traffic, others think no cost public transportation is too costly, and the government can't afford to cover it. There are several things that may be discussed in regards to education. If you need an example written by means of a student check out our vast group of absolutely free student models. Students also utilized the debate section of the on-line issues. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Essay Topics for Fourth Grade Is Wrong Creating a brief essay is tantamount to getting a topic that could be well conceptualized. Before you're able to write a persuasive essay you have t o comprehend what is required of you. The argument essay is a typical writing assignment typically sometimes you're assigned a particular topic and a particular side whatever. How to compose an expository essay. Making up good narrative essay topics sounds like it would be somewhat easy, but it isn't as easy as you might think. Write an essay explaining what you are able to do to earn the money. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go right to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it. Explain the importance of the topic. Essay Topics for Fourth Grade - the Conspiracy How to consider topic ideas There are a variety of approaches to think about topic ideas, such as brainstorming or even looking at prewritten papers which have been completed by students before. With all these things to argue about and for, it may be a bit overwhelming to produce a topic by yourself. Before students begin to write, it is a fantastic idea for them to earn a list of the points they wish to make to their readers. Explore the next fascinating topics. You might discover something that you can use, or something you may adapt for the particular guidelines of your paper. If you want to print your own copy, just click the image. A great part of a five-paragraph paper may also be determined by how each paragraph is developed. Overview of 300 creative writing folder, like a whole lot of top. A Secret Weapon for Essay Topics for Fourth Grade Write a story about something fun which you did with friends and family during the summertime. Explain how your favourite music affects the way that you feel. Persuade your friend to follow your favourite band or maybe to read your favourite book. Simply take the time now to read more on the topic of persuasive writing. The Ultimate Essay Topics for Fourth Grade Trick Recycling should be mandatory for everybody. Yearly driving tests ought to be mandatory over a specific age. They should be mandatory for the first five years after getting a license. Things You Should Know About Essay To pics for Fourth Grade Imagine your elderly neighbor is out at 3 a.m. nightly, digging inside her flower garden. Persuade your parents to enable you to own a friend stay the evening. Persuade your sister or brother to assist you talk your parents into something you would like to do. Apart from all the normal subjects, there are specific other crucial skills that kids will need to develop. Some feel parents ought to be allowed to provide permission for their minor children to acquire tattoos, since they are making the decision for their own children. Imagine your teacher is truly your parent. Choosing our service, you will understand that studying can be simple if you gain from the help of competent experts. As you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. When it's our own health or the well-being of a loved one, there are numerous things to consider and research on. Look at these suggestions to compose a creative commons.

Case Study about Accounting and Financial Plan of Magical Healthy Goodies

Description of Business â€Å"Magical Healthy Goodies† is a home-based business, selling low-calorie healthy cookies, cakes, and pastries. Business objectives, which are specific clearly defined targets, are the following: starting from December 2010, to increase sales twice by the end of February 2011, and achieve sales of $15 000 in the following 6 months.   In order to do this, sole proprietor of the business Ms. Fatmah Hemdan will hire one personal assistant Ms. Alyaa Mohamed, who will be helping with orders, deliveries, and overall management. The business will use social media marketing, namely Facebook group, to promote their products. Social media activities will include updating the group, inviting new friends, and sending email invitations to join the group and purchase the products. Identification of Financial Stakeholders and Required Financial Information Financial stakeholders of â€Å"Magical Healthy Goodies† include: Internal stakeholders: Ms. Fatmad Hemdan, a sole proprietor owning the business, who also plays a role of a manager and protector of business possessions. She conducts planning, control, and decision-making in the firm. She and her assistant, Ms. Alyaa will be responsible for external stakeholder accounting, which include preparation of balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and cash flow statements. External stakeholders: the funding body, competitors, customers and suppliers. The firm will get a bank loan in order to raise start-up capital and realize their plan. To receive a business loan, they will need to prepare a business plan showing a lender why the loan is necessary and how the money will be used. Besides, the lender must know whether the firm will be able to repay. For this reason, cash flow projections have to be written to show financial data and possible risk. In addition, a statement of personal financial status, past business tax returns, and credit rating report of the owner is needed. As soon as the loan is received, the firm will start their business and do external stakeholder accounting through balance sheets, profit and loss statements, and cash flow statements (Ward n.d.). Direct competitors of the firm are entrepreneurs and companies, producing low calorie cookies, cakes, and pastries. In order to stay competitive and acquire new customers, they will conduct research on management and marketing practices, pricing policies, special receipts used by â€Å"Magical Healthy Goodies†. Customers of â€Å"Magical Healthy Goodies† are mostly female Facebook users and their friends, who take care of their health, make sport, want to lose weight, and would prefer purchasing fresh home-made healthy food for themselves and their families instead of regular products from shops and supermarkets. Customers will need to know information related to pricing, quality of products, raw materials used, as well as social and environmental impact of the products. Suppliers include wholesalers or retailers of materials, the firm needs to produce and pack bakeries. Necessary materials that Ms. Fatmah and Ms. Alyaa will buy on a regularly basis are flour, brown sugar, fructose, honey, salt, milk, eggs, margarine, vegetable oil, etc. In addition, the firm will need paper package suppliers in order to pack and deliver goods safely. Their information needs include knowledge of financial health and chain practices of the firm, their business operations, ethics, accountability and disclosure. Good financial information requires thorough business planning and preparation of all the accounting and financial documents described below, timely reporting to external stakeholders, and doing everything possible to achieve business objectives. Identification of Business Assets and Liabilities Ms. Fatmah’s long-term liabilities include repayment of the start-up bank loan, which is due to be paid in 1.5 year (Ward n.d.). Short-term liabilities are accounts payable – cash owed to suppliers, and paid at the end of every month; salary payable and taxes payable.   Ã‚  Long-term assets are represented by Ms. Fatmah’s home office, equipment such as oven and microwave she uses to bake the products, while short-term assets are raw materials and other supplied used to bake cookies and cakes; cash, and possibly accounts receivable money her customers own for products purchased on credit. Owner’s equity, which is reported on the firm’s balance sheet, is difference between total assets (long-term and short-term assets) and total liabilities (short-term and long-term liabilities). At the beginning owner’s equity will be in minus, since the bank loan due in more than a year will be a long-term liability, and need to significantly increase sales in order to repay the loan with interest (Clausen 2010). Identification of Business Budget Ms. Fatmah intends to get $10 000 to start her home business. Thus budget forecasting revenue, expenses and profit, will ensure that expenses will not exceed their limits. In the view of the fact, that the firm does not have many variable costs and can predict and control any possible expenses in the future, the fixed budget would be suitable. Ms. Fatmah’s expenditures can change only due to price growth for raw and packaging materials, or electricity. Thus, a realistic financial plan can be prepared, and there will not be a need to change it in the future. Conclusion â€Å"Magical Healthy Goodies†, owned by Ms. Fatmah is a small business that does not require a large investment. The entire production process will be done at home; there is no need for additional employees except for one personal assistant; Facebook advertising chosen by Ms. Fatmah is absolutely free, and requires only time and effort. However, in any case in order to get a loan, necessary financial and accounting information must be prepared and reported regularly to stakeholders. The firm must have a clear business plan, identify assets, liabilities and business budget to achieve success and obtain profit. References Clausen, J 2010, Accounting 101 – owner’s equity and small business balance sheet, viewed 14 December 2010, http://www.suite101.com/content/accounting-101owners-equity-and-small-business-balance-sheet-a246147. Ward, S, n.d., How to get a small business loan, About.com guide, viewed 14 December 2010, http://sbinfocanada.about.com/cs/financing/a/getbusinessloan.htm.